Crystal reports - functional liver detoxification profile

infofp@healthscope.com.au
Consulting Pathologist: Dr D. Dean
FUNCTIONAL LIVER DETOXIFICATION PROFILE (FLDP)
Reference
Ref. Range
Ref. Range
% Recovery
RESULTS LEGEND
The Pathologists and Staff thank you for referring this patient FUNCTIONAL LIVER DETOXIFICATION PROFILE (FLDP)
INTERPRETIVE GUIDE
Phase 1 Interpretation (Caffeine Clearance)
The Cytochrome P450 enzymes are the predominant enzyme system involved in Phase I liver detoxification. Their role is to
convert toxic substances into more water soluble molecules, so they can be further metabolised in Phase II.
Result Possible Cause Treatment Considerations
Excessive cytochrome P450 induction from exposure to: Alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, stress Drugs - steroids, sulphonamides, barbiturates, HRT High Phase 1
Toxins - exhaust fumes, paint fumes, dioxin and Reduced activity of cytochrome P450 from Low Phase 1
Drugs - benzodiazepines, antihistamines, ketoconazole, fluconazole, erythromycin, SSRIs, H2 blockers Glutathione & its precursors (glycine, Intermediate Phase Interpretation
When Phase I activity is high, there is increased metabolic activity at the intermediate phase (before the molecules are
presented to Phase II for conjugation). This results in an increased production of free radicals and the potential for secondary
tissue damage. It is therefore essential that adequate antioxidants are available to counteract this high free radical activity.
Treatment Considerations for the Intermediate Phase
Vitamins A, C and E, Co-Enzyme Q10, Zinc and Selenium
Phase II Interpretation
Phase II reactions involve the addition of a small polar molecule to the substance, a conjugation step that may or may not be
preceded by Phase I. Several types of conjugation reactions occur in the body, including glutathionation, sulphation,
glucuronidation and glycination conjugation. These reactions require nutrient cofactors, which are essential for proper
detoxification.
Prolonged stress on a particular Phase II pathway will cause an increase in free radical damage which, in turn, will reduce liver function in the long term.
Low Phase II - indicates down regulation of one or more conjugation pathways resulting in inadequate Phase II conjugation
reactions.
High Phase II - indicates excessive conjugation of individual or all biochemical pathways, resulting in an increased
concentration of metabolic products.
The Pathologists and Staff thank you for referring this patient FUNCTIONAL LIVER DETOXIFICATION PROFILE (FLDP)
Pathway Responsible for Conjugation of Treatment Considerations
Glutathionation
dependant on the tripeptide glutathione Paracetamol Individuals with diagnoses of arthritis, diabetes or heart disease may have lower Tetracycline Sulphation
Sulphation is ‘rate limited’ by the amount (aromatic hydroxyl groups including histamine, Catecholamines (adrenalin, noradrenalin) Glucuronidation
Estimated to account for 33% of all drugs Vitamin B complex Essential Fatty Acids Glycination
*Calcium d-glucurate is metabolised to d-glucaro-1, 4-lactone (glucaro lactone GL). GL is a direct inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme found in the gut that cleaves bound oestrogens and carcinogens from their Phase II conjugates and permits reabsorption through the entero-hepatic circulation. By inhibiting beta-glucuronidase activity, GL increases the net elimination of carcinogens, toxins and steroid hormones via glucuronidation.
Sulphate:Creatinine
This reflects the level of sulphur available from dietary sources and should be considered in conjunction with the Phase II sulphation
result.
Phase I:Glycination and Phase I:Glucuronide
These two ratios reflect the relationship between Phase I and these conjugation pathways and will demonstrate whether the biochemical
load from Phase I is high or low.
Sulphate:Glucuronide
This ratio reflects the relationship between sulphate and glucuronide. Sulphate is often up regulated to compensate for low glucuronide.
Phase I:Sulphation
This reflects the relationship between Phase I and the sulphation pathway and demonstrates whether the biochemical load from Phase I is
too high.
Note: When all the ratios are high in an FLDP report, this commonly reflects a patient who is highly sensitive and may have multiple food and chemical sensitivities.
The Pathologists and Staff thank you for referring this patient

Source: http://mail.curamedicine.com.au/attachments/Functional_Liver_Detoxification_Profile_perth_WA.pdf