Es ist nicht klar, wie groß die Rolle von Antibiotika https://antibiotika-wiki.de/ in den Wettbewerbsbeziehungen zwischen Mikroorganismen unter natürlichen Bedingungen ist. Zelman vaxman glaubte, dass diese Rolle minimal ist, Antibiotika werden nicht anders als in reinen Kulturen auf reichen Umgebungen gebildet. Anschließend wurde jedoch festgestellt, dass bei vielen Produzenten die Aktivität der antibiotikasynthese in Gegenwart anderer Arten oder spezifischer Produkte Ihres Stoffwechsels zunimmt.
Abwpediatrics.com
Inhaled QUICK RELIEF Medications Generic Name Brand Name Strengths (# Doses/Inhaler) Comments Short-Acting Beta2-Agonists
Pre-mixed unit dose (3 mL); vials must be placed back in the foil wrap after the foil wrap is
opening; expires 1 week after foil wrap is opened
Albuterol for Nebulization
0.25-0.5 mL can be added to 2-3 mL saline
Supplied as 20 mL dropper bottle; must use dropper provided to measure up dose.
MDI; should be used with a spacer; shake 5 seconds; 3 primes to start; reprime after 2 weeks
ProAir HFA Albuterol Proventil HFA,
MDI; Ventolin has a dose counter; should be used with a spacer; shake 5 seconds; 4 primes to
Ventolin HFA
start; reprime after 2 weeks without use or if dropped; expires 6 months after opening
MDI; should be used with a spacer; shake 5 seconds; 4 primes to start; reprime after 3 days
Xopenex HFA Levalbuterol Xopenex Nebulized
Unit dose for nebulization; needs no mixing; must use as soon as foil wrapper is opened
Maxair Autohaler
MDI; breath-actuated so no spacer needed; shake 5 seconds; 2 primes to start; reprime after 2
Pirbuterol MDI, metered dose inhaler; CFC, chlorofluorocarbon propellants; HFA, hydrofluoroalkane propellants
The information in this reference was reviewed by the UMHS Asthma Quality Improvement Steering Committee and was last updated on 1/31/2011.
Questions and/or comments may be directed to Karla Stoermer-Grossman, MSA, RN, AE-C (kstoerme@umich.edu) or Annie Sy, PharmD (anniesy@umich.edu).
The Regents of the University of Michigan – January 2011
Inhaled CONTROLLER Medications Generic Name Brand Name Strengths (# Doses/Inhaler) Comments Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)
MDI; should be used with a spacer; no shaking required; 3 primes to start; reprime after 10
Ciclesonide Alvesco HFA
days without use; dose indicator in increments of 10
110 mcg per actuation (14, 30, 60, or 120)
Has dose counter; no priming; do not tip once dose is loaded; avoid humidity & moisture; may
Mometasone Asmanex DPI*
220 mcg per actuation (14, 30, 60, or 120)
be given once daily in the evening; expires 45 days after opening
Has dose counter; no priming; do not tip once dose is loaded; avoid humidity and moisture; 50
Flovent DPI*
mcg strength is equivalent to Flovent HFA 44 mcg; expires 6 weeks after opening.
Fluticasone
MDI; has dose counter; should be used with a spacer; shake 5 seconds; 4 primes to start;
Flovent HFA+
reprime after 7 days without use or if dropped
Pulmicort Flexhaler
Has dose indicator in increments of 10; must twist fully to the right, then left twice to prime;
do not tip once dose is loaded; avoid humidity and moisture
Budesonide
Deliver with closed system mask if < 3 years (Bubbles fish mask); older children may use a
Pulmicort Respules
12 months to 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg per unit dose
mouthpiece if they are able to breath through their mouths only (nose clips may be helpful);
Budesonide (generic)
MDI; adults - recommended to be used without spacer; peds- may use with spacer; no shaking
Beclomethasone
required; 2 primes to start; reprime after 10 days without use
Long-Acting Beta2-Agonists (LABAs) - NOT TO BE USED WITHOUT ICS Not to be used for quick relief or without ICS in asthma; has dose counter; no priming; do not Salmeterol Serevent DPI*
tip once dose is loaded; avoid humidity and moisture; expires 6 weeks after opened; expires 6 weeks after opening
Not to be used for quick relief or without ICS in asthma; sometimes used for exercise-induced Formoterol Foradil DPI*
bronchospasm prevention; no priming; do not tip once dose is loaded; avoid humidity and moisture; expires 4 months after opening
ICS and LABA Combinations
No priming; has dose counter; do not tip once dose is loaded; avoid humidity and moisture; do
Advair DPI*
100/50, 250/50 or 500/50 mcg per inhalation (60)
not use more than one dose twice daily; expires 1 month after opening
Fluticasone and Salmeterol
45/21, 115/21 or 230/21 mcg per inhalation
MDI; has dose counter; should be used with a spacer; shake 5 seconds; 4 primes to start;
Advair HFA
reprime after 4 weeks without use or if dropped; do not use more than twice daily
MDI; should be used with a spacer; shake 5 seconds; 4 primes to start, reprime with 4 puffs
Mometasone and
after 5 days without use; do not use more than twice daily; do not remove cannister from the
Formoterol
MDI; has dose counter; should be used with a spacer; shake 5 seconds; 2 primes to start,
Budesonide and Symbicort HFA
80/4.5 or 160/4.5 mcg per inhalation (120)
reprime after 7 days without use; do not use more than twice daily; expires 90 days after
Formoterol
Epigenetics and Immunosenescence Reversal: An Evidence-Based Longevity Paradigm Chief Scientific Officer, Pharmacognosia and iPraxic.org ABSTRACT Humankind has long thought of aging as a gradual, time-dependent, deterioration in one’s well-being and quality of life, with an increased incidence and severity of debilitating chronic diseases. However, current medical opinion argues
Appendix C: Biodiversity of the Upper Schoharie Creek Prepared by the NYSDEC Hudson River Estuary Program, February 2007 Predicted Terrestrial Vertebrate Species (source: Hudson River Valley GAP) Terrestrial, vertebrate species that are predicted to occur within the watershed based upon presumed associations of species with habitats. See the HRV-Gap Analysis Project report to view predicted
Inhaled QUICK RELIEF Medications
Inhaled CONTROLLER Medications